Incandescence And Fluorescence In Lighting Essays -

Incandescence and Fluorescence in Lighting by Joshua D. Chapman Two types of lighting are the most popular used today; incandescent and fluorescent. Incandescent light, the most commonly used type, is what people tend to use in their homes because of the softer light it gives. Car lights and flashlights are also incandescent. An incandescent lamp will give off differing amounts of light depending on the amount of electricity being used. There are three basic components of an incandescent light; the filament, the bulb, and the base. The filament is a thin coiled wire, usually made of tungsten, a strong metal. When electricity flows through the filament the heat produced energizes some of the atoms, which give off their additional energy in the form heat and light. The bulb is usually filled with an inert gas or is under vacuum. This helps prolong the life of the filament and keeps the electricity from jumping inside the bulb. The base holds the bulb in place and provides a connection to the electrical source. Although still preferred for home use, the incandescent bulb has a much shorter life and consumes roughly three times the electricity of a fluorescent bulb used to light the same area. Fluorescent lighting is widely used in offices, schools, factories and some homes. A fluorescent lamp is a glass tube that contains mercury vapor and argon gas at a low pressure, A fluorescent lamp needs a starter and a ballast to work. The starter provides the starting voltage through the electrodes at both ends of the lamp. The electrical current heats the electrodes causing electrons to be released. The ballast then sends a surge of current between the electrodes, forming an arc (stream of electrons) in the tube. This causes the vaporized mercury atoms to give off ultraviolet energy. These rays strike the phosphors, which coat the inside walls of the tube and cause the particles to give off visible light. Very little heat is given off by a fluorescent bulb and the life of a bulb is roughly ten times that of an incandescent bulb. Although most fluorescent lights ore straight tubes, the tube can also be bent in many different shapes or be enclosed in a glass globe.

Health Policy Analysis Essays

Health Policy Analysis Essays Health Policy Analysis Paper Health Policy Analysis Paper The South Australia Women’s Health Policy undermines the role of women in advancing the health issues that affects them. More predominantly, it tackles the issue concerning gender in terms of South Australia’s Health Policy (Government of South Australia. 2005). The Health Policy is constructed as a societal problem that focus on the role of women as health providers. The policy supports the assumption that improving women’s health will improve the community’s health as well. The health issues addressed in the policy differs from ageing, sexual health, mental health, violence, etc. All of which imposed the question on equality of opportunity between men and women. The isolated phenomenons are generalized under the impression of gender inequality. This inequality is seen as a factor that requires immediate action. Women of all ages and status are seen as a part of the vulnerable populations of the community. The policy aims to improve the health and the quality of life of individuals through imposing preventive measures specifically through equipping women with enough knowledge. The policy is in accordance with the National Women’s Health Policy that has been launched in April 1989 (www.womhealth.org.au). The National Policy takes into account the improvement of women’s health and well-being. The National Policy further considers the fact that there is a range of factors that affects health including socio-economic, cultural, biological and environmental factors. The South Australian Women’s Health policy might result to contentions involving the interest of stakeholders such as the government, employers, private insurers and provider organizations (Bomar 2003).Stakeholders has their own interest that primarily involves generating income and minimizing expenses. The increase of â€Å"access† to Health Care Services as indicated by the South Australia Women’s Health policy denotes an increase cost or budget for Health related issues. Another conflict might arise regarding disseminating funds and allocation of resources. The South Australia’s Women Health policy discusses the different needs of women based on their social and economic status. Particularly, the policy intends to increase the services, participation, and employment while eliminating discriminatory practices against indigenous women, abused women, disabled women, women with mental illness and ageing women. This undermines the fact that some women are considered under the policy to be at more risk than the others. Therefore, more funds and attention are needed by the â€Å"at risk† women than the others. Such post-structural understanding of gender and health undermines the need for a change in the societal treatment and view regarding women.

(Business information system) You are required to conduct a detailed Research Paper

(Business information system) You are required to conduct a detailed on an organization's information system, analyze - Research Paper Example These included Europe, comprising all existing controlled business located in Europe, in addition to Turkey, Hungary, and Czech Republic. The company heavily relies on IT and it has incorporated IT in its Market structure as a tool for successful implementation of it programs. This paper discusses and describes the Vodafone Group business organization structure with a focus on the role of IT in its business organization structure. Historical Background of Vodafone Group Vodafone Company started as a joint venture between Hambros Technology Trust Millicom and the subsidiary of Racal Electronics PLC’s strategic Radio Ltd in 1982 with its name being derived from a company’s goal of establishing data services and voice services over mobile telephone networks. Hence, its network was called Racal Vodafone (Saylor 56). The company was renamed Racal Telecom in 1988. In 1991, Racal Telecom became demerged from the Racal Electronics there is when the mobile telephony giant came i nto existence. In 1996, the company bought people phone and acquired 80% of the Astec Communication, a move that so it increase its shares of the UK mobile customers (Read 46). In 2000, the Group reverted its former name Vodafone Group PLC selling most of the manufacturing related operations. It made the first 3G Voice Call in 2001 on the Uk’s Vodafone 3G network. The company signed a partner agreement with the Mobikom Australia, and became introduced in the Icelandic market. In 2004, it went into an agreement with Luxembourg’s LuxGSM. The Group increased its participation in the Connex of Romania and purchased Czech mobile operator. The period between 2004 to date has seen the company expand through entering into partnership with various communication companies worldwide (Read 57). On the overall from 1980 to 1991, the company bore the name Racal Telecom Brand. Its name was change to Vodafone Group retaining this name from 1991 to 2000. Since 2000 till now, the compan y has retained the name Vodafone Group PLC (Thomson 43). Business Organization Structure of the Vodafone Group Since it was founded under the auspice of Vodafone Group plc, the Vodafone Company has realized drastic transformations. It has changed its brand from the Racal Telecom Brand to the Vodafone Group and finally the Vodafone Group PLC, alongside its organization structure. As of 9th December 2010, the company has retained a business organization that is all inclusive and diverse. This section describes the Group’s Organization structure as of 9th December 2010 to date. In regard to its operating companies, the Group has two operating regions reflecting the different geographies or different nature of assets, as well as to reflect the differences in development of the sector considering various economies. These included Europe, comprising all existing controlled business located in Europe, in addition to Turkey, Hungary, and Czech Republic. The CEO (Michel Combel) is in charge of Europe region. For other regions, including businesses located in the Middle East, Africa and Asia, Fiji, Australia plus New Zealand, Nick Read is at the top as the Regional CEO. The Vodafone Group has other senior officials including the Group CFO, CEO and Strategy and Business Development Director. These officials are charged with the responsibility of effecting strategies for maximization of the shareholder value